Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are crucial in the development of smart territories and include:

• 3D GIS: interactive three-dimensional maps supported by AR and digital twins of the territory
• Geo AI: machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics
• GIS and Data Spaces (Geo Hub): efficient management of large volumes of geospatial data in real-time
• Raster Image Analysis: raster data for large terrain analysis
• GIS Cloud: Collaboration on GIS applications through the GIS Cloud ; Agriculture 4.0